CALLAO ······································································ Callao, the capital of Callao province, is a principal port of peru. The city's chief exports are minerals, cotton, foodstuffs, wool, and hides. Imports include textiles, grain, machinery, paper, coal, and foodstuffs. Callao has manufacturing industries, including timber processing, sugar refining, brewing, and iron making. Callao was founded by the Spanish in1537, and thereafter it developed as one of the most active ports on the west coast of South America.